Best Things to Do in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan, a veiled Central Asian nation, beckons with its enigmatic allure. Beyond the mystique lie ancient ruins whispering forgotten stories, stark deserts promising untamed adventures, and a vibrant culture waiting to be unveiled. This ultimate guide unlocks the secrets of the best things to do in Turkmenistan, catering to the curious explorer and the intrepid adventurer.

Embrace the Grandeur of the Past

• Merv National Historical and Cultural Park: Delve into the heart of Turkmenistan’s rich history at Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Explore the sprawling ruins of ancient empires – the Seleucids, Parthians, and Sassanids – and marvel at the architectural wonders like the Great Kyz Kala fortress and the Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum.
• Konye Urgench (Old Urgench): Step back in time at the ancient city of Konye Urgench, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Explore the remnants of the once-powerful Khwarezm Empire, including the intricately decorated mausoleums of Turabek Khan and Khorezm Shah Tekesh. Imagine bustling caravansaries and vibrant markets that once thrived along the Silk Road.
• Nisa (Old Nisa): Uncover the secrets of the Parthians at Nisa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site near Ashgabat. Explore the archaeological remains of this ancient city, including the royal necropolis with its impressive mausoleums and temples, offering a glimpse into the lives of Parthian royalty.

Unleash Your Inner Adventurer

• Darvaza Gas Crater (The Door to Hell): Witness a natural phenomenon unlike any other at the Darvaza Gas Crater, also known as “The Door to Hell.” This fiery sinkhole, perpetually ablaze since the 1970s, offers an awe-inspiring spectacle, especially at night. Explore the surrounding desert landscape and camp under a blanket of stars.
• Karakum Desert Exploration: Embark on an unforgettable journey into the vastness of the Karakum Desert, the world’s 15th largest. Explore the otherworldly landscapes of the Yangykala Canyon, a dramatic gorge carved by the Yangykala River. For the truly adventurous, try sandboarding down the crimson dunes or embark on a thrilling camel trek.
• Kopet Dag Mountains: Hike through the breathtaking scenery of the Kopet Dag mountains, a natural border between Turkmenistan and Iran. Challenge yourself with a trek to the highest peak, Mount Rysy (2,942 meters or 9,652 feet), and be rewarded with panoramic vistas and encounters with diverse wildlife.

Immerse Yourself in Culture

• Ashgabat: A City of Contrasts: Explore the unique capital city of Ashgabat, known for its grandiose white marble buildings and vast parks. Visit the Turkmen Carpet Museum to delve into the fascinating tradition of carpet weaving, a cornerstone of Turkmen culture. Stroll through the Tolkuchka Bazaar, the largest market in Central Asia, and immerse yourself in the vibrant local scene.
• Attend a Turkmen Carpet Festival: Witness the vibrant spectacle of the Turkmen Carpet Festival held in Ashgabat in late September. Immerse yourself in the rich tradition of carpet weaving, a UNESCO-recognized intangible cultural heritage. Watch skilled artisans demonstrate their craft, marvel at the intricate designs and vibrant colors, and witness the deep cultural significance of these exquisite carpets.
• Attend a Local Performance: Experience the heart of Turkmen culture by attending a traditional music and dance performance. Witness the mesmerizing dances accompanied by traditional instruments like the dutar (a two-stringed lute) and the gopuz (a one-stringed lute). Be captivated by the vibrant costumes and the energy of these cultural expressions.

Beyond the Tourist Trail

• Kov-Ata Underground Lake: Descend into the depths of the earth to discover the surreal beauty of Kov-Ata Underground Lake. Located deep within a cave system, this turquoise lake is said to have healing properties. Take a refreshing dip in the cool waters and marvel at the unique geological formations.
• The Forgotten Soviet Relics: For history buffs with a taste for the unconventional, explore the abandoned Soviet relics scattered throughout Turkmenistan. Visit the eerie ghost town of Yangykala, a former Soviet military base, or marvel at the decaying remains of the gigantic Krka Water Reservoir project, a testament to unfulfilled ambition.
• Horseback Riding Adventure: Embrace the nomadic spirit of Turkmenistan by embarking on a horseback riding adventure through the vast landscapes. Experience the thrill of riding an Akhal-Teke horse, a breed renowned for its speed, endurance, and distinctive metallic sheen.

Remember, this is just a taste of the countless treasures Turkmenistan has to offer. Craft your itinerary based on your interests and passions, and get ready to discover the magic of this enigmatic land.

Here are some additional tips to enhance your Turkmen experience:

• Visas and Permits: Obtaining a visa for Turkmenistan can be a complex process. Plan well in advance and consider working with a reputable travel agency to navigate the requirements.
• Travel Restrictions: Certain areas of Turkmenistan, particularly along the border with Afghanistan, are restricted for foreigners. Be aware of these restrictions and plan your itinerary accordingly.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Turkmenistan is a conservative society. Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites. Always be respectful of local customs and traditions.
• Learning a Few Basic Phrases: Learning a few basic Turkmen phrases goes a long way. “Salam” (hello), “Sag boluň” (thank you), and “Haýyr” (yes) will be appreciated by locals.
• Hiring a Guide: Consider hiring a local guide, especially if venturing off the beaten path. They can provide invaluable insights into Turkmen culture, history, and hidden gems, and help overcome language barriers.

Turkmenistan beckons with its captivating blend of ancient history, dramatic landscapes, and a resilient culture. This ultimate guide equips you with the knowledge to craft an unforgettable adventure. So pack your bags, embrace the spirit of discovery, and get ready to be surprised by the magic of this Central Asian gem!